Every Supreme Court seat, 1789 to today Each row is a seat. Bars are justices' tenures; hatched gaps are vacancies, from the day one justice left to the day the next took the oath. Rows start and end where Congress created or abolished a seat. Drag the date to see the Court on any day.
Skip past the timeline Seated Seats
Chief Justice Seat 2 Seat 3 Seat 4 Seat 5 Seat 6 Seat 7 Seat 8 Seat 9 Seat 10 Seat 11 − + All years
Ctrl + scroll or pinch to zoom · drag the date to scrub
← The Court on November 7, 2026 Associate Justice, Seat 4
Rufus Wheeler Peckham Born November 8, 1838, Albany, NY Died October 24, 1909
Served January 6, 1896 – October 24, 1909 (13 years, 9 months) Appointed by Grover Cleveland (Democratic) Left the seat Died in office Seat Associate Seat 4 Predecessor Howell Edmunds Jackson Successor Horace Harmon Lurton Appointment record December 3, 1895 Nominated December 9, 1895 Confirmed (voice vote) December 9, 1895 Commissioned January 6, 1896 Judicial oath October 24, 1909 Died in office